Wonjae+Block+A+2011

French Revolution Ant Farm Block A Chung Wonjae (Elliot)

Unit 3 Elliot (Wonjae) Chung

Age Of Exploration Elliot (Wonjae) Chung


 * Zheng He's fleet made 7 voyages in all, dying on his last one, in 1433. When his ships returned to China, the political situation had changed dramatically. In fact, soon after the great Treasure Fleet left Tanggu, Zhu Di suffered a series of disasters that suggested to everyone that he had lost the "mandate of heaven" -- the approval of Heaven for his rulership.**


 * When you get to p. 75, read to the bottom of p. 77. Stop at the paragraph beginning "Thereafter the Qazi..."** **Is there evidence here that Zhu Di truly did not understand what was happening to his rule?**

**- Yes, there is. Zhu Di did understand what he was doing before the catastrophe. However after the storm, he was confused. First, I want to say that he was too religious to accept nature. He just couldn’t accept of what had happened to his place. Back then, Chinese emperors believed that they ruled with the mandate of heaven. And Zhu Di didn’t understand why the God of Heaven had burnt his place; although he has done no evil act. And this led him to be insane and be so distraught. Also he suffered from an elixir containing arsenic and mercury which was poisoning him. He didn’t know this, and this led him to put Shah Rukh’s ambassador to death.**


 * Start up again on the bottom of p. 78 (from "Apparently abandoned by heaven...").** **List all the things that happened to the old emperor near the end of his life.**


 * **Zhu Di> False accusation of that his concubines had attempted intercourse with eunuchs. And this led to execution of many people.**
 * **Facing political and economical problems (repair of hundreds of miles of the Great Wall, Grand Canal, ships, Forbidden City, etc.) > Led to rebellion.**
 * **First rebellion: 1407 Le Qui Ly**
 * **Taxation simplified (ports were opened to foreigners and trade boomed)**
 * **System of healthcare introduced, restrictions on the acquisition of land by wealthy people.**
 * **Second: 1418 Le L’oi- Vietnam independence (July 1421)**

**Finally read the edict of the new emperor, Zhu Di's son, Zhu Gaozhi, on the very day he ascended the throne, pp 81-85, beginning "****All voyages of the treasure ships are to be stopped." Explain how this edict changed the history of not only China but of the WORLD. How did this leave open the "door" for Europe to take center stage now?**

**- Back in the days, naval power was really everything. And this was not wise because this stopped the development of China, which could be further made if they’d allowed voyages of treasure ships. I personally believe that their philosophy and belief restricted them from them to have further knowledge and development. Zhu Gaozhi stopped all voyages of the treasure ships because his priorities were in strict accordance with their Confucian values. He thought by saving the country’s capital, people could have better lives. That could be seen true, but by looking how China eventually ended up, it wasn’t really wise. “As China turned its back on its glorious maritime and scientific heritage and retreated into a long, self-imposed isolation from the outside world, other nations took up the torch”. Zheng He’s expeditions were thought to be priceless legacies, and they’d been ‘lost’. And by China weakening in power, Europe could take the center stage.**

**What route might they have all taken? Describe it...**

The Holy Roman Emperor: They’d first have went south until they meet around the delta of the Nile river. And then, they’d have traveled in foot for a while since there was no water connecting to the Red sea. After that, they’d have taken the Red sea, and sticking to the coast(to save time), and would have went around India. After they’d have passed around India, they’d have continuously followed along the coast to reach China. However, when they’d have been doing that, they’d have been really careful because of the pirates of Malacca that was around.

Constantinople (byzantine empire): They’d also have taken the same route as the Holy Roman Emperor would have because they were right along with the Roman empire.

Doge of Venice: Doge of Venice’d also have taken the same route as the ones above, except that they’d have spent more time in the sea since they’d have traveled along the coast of modern Italy until they’d have reached the Mediterranean sea.

King of England: They could have chosen to go all around Africa. But that’s too long. Therefore, they’d have chosen to sail south, go around Portugal and through the gap between the kingdom of Granada and of Marinids, to reach the Mediterranean sea. Then, they’d have gone the same as the ones above.

King of France:
 * Also through Mediterranean sea-Red sea-Around India
 * However, much longer because of the distance until the delta of Nile River.

King of Castille:
 * They’d also have taken the same route as France did. But a little longer to get there.

King of Portugal: - Portugal’s right next to Castille, so same as the route of Castille.

**Look carefully at the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and make some generalizations about China under those dynasties. Size? Change from previous dynasties? From your reading, make any observations you can about the two time periods.**
 * - By looking at the comparison between the size of Yuan dynasty and Ming dynasty, I can generalize that Yuan dynasty was a little bigger than Ming dynasty. But it’s still amazing how the Ming dynasty took over most of the lands which the Yuan (Mongols) had.**


 * While reading pages 49-50, explain some of the factors that affected the Chinese attitudes toward foreigners.**
 * - One of the factors that affected the Chinese attitudes toward foreigners were their belief. Confucianism was at the heart of the mandarin government, which required that ‘a prince be prince... the subject a subject, the father a father, the son a son’. And this led the mandarins to look at rural farmers, not foreigners or merchants.**

**SO, using your math skills, refer to the following map and figure out how big that new capital would be.**

**The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below:** - Yes, I can find the old city in the modern city. However, not all of them. I could find city such as Fuchengmen, and Chaoyangmen in the modern city, which was both from the old city. It was interesting how they were in the same position, and the same distance away from the Forbidden city although on different directions. But it made me question the meaning of Dajie by looking because it could be seen that Dajie was added onto the old city name in the modern map.
 * Can you find the old city in the modern city? Where is it? What is there now?**

**If it WAS, where would it reach if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing.**
 * - A18-19 was kind of hard to see. From what I saw, if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing, it would have ended up in a city called Kashi.**

**Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go?**
 * - Korea, India, China, Tibet, Greece, Iraq, etc.**



__ ** KEY SKILL: Paragraph writing ** __
= Using the prompt below and the template provided, write a detailed body paragraph based on your readings, class discussions and the video clip above. = = //**The three Muslim Empires of the 1300-1700 time period each made significant contributions to their worlds and the rest of world history. Why did the Muslim world not come to dominate world affairs during this time period? **// = == Step One: Plan a paragraph for an essay using the template below (dot-points are appropriate for this step) ==

Internal Conflicts> Safavid Empire (Assassination) Excess of oppression> Mogul Empire (religion, tax)=Rebellion, etc. ||
 * || Paragraph Writing: Using TEEEL Structure ||
 * Topic Sentence || The Islamic world did not manage to dominate the world as Europe did, because of their bad leadership, internal conflicts, and the excess of oppression. ||
 * Elaboration || It would be wrong to only mention negative things about them. The Islamic empires of the 14th-16th centuries surely had significant impacts on the world such as by enlarging their territories, and through cultural blending. However, the mistakes they made didn’t allow the Islamic world to be like Europe; to dominate the world. And their mistakes can be seen through the Ottoman empire, the Safavid empire, and the Mogul empire. ||
 * Examples/Evidence || Bad leadership, Internal conflicts, excess of oppression ||
 * Explanation/analysis || Bad leadership> Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire (Killing of sons, etc.)
 * Link Sentence || When Europeans gained power through the Renaissance, Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution, the Islamic world lost power as the leaders made crucial mistakes. Although they initially had great power, they fell due to their bad leadership, internal conflicts, and excess of oppression. ||



**In light of what you have heard above during the Trial of Galileo Galilei, the presentations on controversial topics in science and what you might be able to download from the internet consider the following question.** **//Should there be limits to our access to information?//**

**Take a position on the above question and be prepared to defend it in a //well// written paragraph.Be sure you follow the same ideas introduced by using TEEEL.**

**- However, people shouldn’t have access to every pieces of information due to security issues, chaos that can be caused.** ||
 * **Topic sentence** || There should be some limits to our access to information. ||
 * **Elaboration** || **It is definitely important for us to have some access to information because everyone has rights for information, and rights for basic understanding.**
 * **Examples/Evidence** || **Security issues, bulletin board** ||
 * **Explanation/Analysis** || If any civilians could have access to the military secrets, they are exceeding the limits by having access to what they must not know. This is because the military secrets could be leaked to enemies. If this happens, then there would be no point of having military secrets.

However, by that, it became known that some students had serious diseases; which caused chaos. How about for those students, with serious diseases? They were embarrassed, shocked, and didn’t want to come to school. So basically, students having access to too much information caused this chaos. It would have been alright, if the school hadn’t post the records onto the bulletin board. ||
 * **Link sentence** || These were some examples why there should be limits to our access to information. So again, there should be some limits to people’s access to information, and they should not exceed the limits because of security issues, and of the chaos that can be caused by it. ||

2011/09/24
 * 1) How did the Ottomans treat non-Muslims?
 * 2) What were Suleyman's major accomplishments?
 * 3) Despite their brilliant rule, what critical mistake did Suleiman and Shah Abbas make?
 * 4) What evidence of cultural blending can you find in Akbar's rule?
 * 5) How did Akbar's successors contribute to the end of the Mughal Empire?

1) I would say the Ottomans treat non-Muslims both good, and bad. For example, it says that the Ottomans formed military groups and raided the lands where non-Muslims lived. However, it says that they adjusted quickly to the empire and had no problems. Also, it says that under the rule of Suleiman I, the non-muslims were used as slaves; which i regard non-Mulsims being treated badly. But it adds, that Suleiman allowed them to practice their own religion. Therefore, I would say that the non-Muslsims were treated both good, and bad. 2) His major accomplishments were the impressive size of land he conquered, and the highly structured government he formed. He took over the entire eastern Mediterranean Sea and took North Africa as far west as Tripoli. And the highly structured government he formed consisted of thousands of slaves that served him. Each of the slaves had very much loyalty to the sultans, and allowed them to prosper. 3) They killed or injured their most talented sons, because of the fear that the sons would seize power from them. However, as a result, their weak sons became the shah(king) after them, leading the empire to lose power. 4) Akbar was a Muslim who strongly believed that people should be allowed to follow the religion they chose. So during his reign, many changes in culture took place. And this blending of cultures produced two languages: Persian and local languages. Hindi blended Persian and local languages, which is one of the evidence of cultural blending. Also, Akbar's empire became famous for its book illustrations, which were adapted from the art of Persia; another evidence of cultural blending. 5) Jahangir had a bitter political battle with one of is sons, who found help from the Sikhs; a members of a separate religion. And because of that, they became the target of attacks by the government. So basically Jahangir and this son he had, had bad relationship. Jahangir's successor was Shah Jahan. He didn't follow Akbar's policy of religion toleration, and put new laws in places. For example, he punished IIindus and destroyed their temples, which produced a rebellion. These incidents lead the Mughal Empire to decline. And after Shah Jahan's death, the empire fell apart.








 * Key Skill 3: Synthesizing your ideas/Writing**

** Bring your ideas together (Course work grade) **

__ **Key Skill: Synthesizing your ideas/Writing** __

Renaissance and the opening of mind in Europe? Renaissance contributed to the opening of mind in Europe because Renaissance was a rebirth of learning, and this produced many great works of art and literature. The educated men and women of Italy hoped to bring back the life of the culture from the Middle Ages of the classical Greece and Rome. This led to the Renaissance, Rebirth. Leonardo Da Vinci. There were many Renaissance men who were known, such as Baldassare Castiglione, and Raphael Sanzio, but Leonardo Da Vinci’s work was the greatest contribution of all. He was an Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and a writer: he was a true Renaissance man! It may be fairly said that he had the greatest contribution and impact in the opening of mind of Europe, because his works greatly influenced the world. Renaissance, was not only the rebirth of art and literature, but also the tradition and customs back then. For instance from the influences of what is referred as a “rebirth”, the culture became secular, and the idea of humanism got spread, which is a belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without a religion. Later, even religious leaders were affected due to the rapid spread of the Renaissance culture. They became patrons of arts by financially supporting artists. Again, the rebirth of learning, the Renaissance had a great impact on the opening of mind in Europe due to some great people such as Leonardo Da Vinci, and the spread of culture.

Why did Europe gain domiance? Europe gained dominance because of their thinking. European thinking. The ideas of Europe allowed Europe to gain dominance. For example, the discovery of the Heliocentric universe in Europe. This made people question bible. This made people to think whether if Christianity is right or wrong. Moreover, the ideas of Renaissance started from Europe. These ideas such allowed Europe to gain power and dominance because these ideas could move and stir people's thoughts.

Assignment : Read pages 37-39 in your text (including the box on bottom of p.39 dealing with "Renaissance man and woman") and answer the following questions. Please, UPLOAD these answers into your WIKI WORK PAGE!

- Italy helped create the Renaissance, because Renaissance was actually started from Italy. Writers and artists began to express this new spirit and to experiment with different styles. Plus, Italy had three advantages that made it the birthplace of the Renaissance: thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome.
 * 1) How did the cities of Italy help create the Renaissance?

- I personally think the Medici family was a bad influence and not a respectable family because of the following reasons. First, they had control of Florence’s government just because of the reason they had plentiful amount of money. Also, it says that they were dictators, controlling the members of the ruling council by giving them loans. Lastly, Medici family caused political insecurity. For instance, a rival family grew so jealous of the Medici that they plotted to kill Lorenzo and eventually ended of murdering Giuliano.
 * 1) What is your opinion of the Medici family?

- Humanism is the belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without religion. This influenced Renaissance ideas because humanists didn’t really want people to believe in religions, but instead wanted them to understand ancient Greek values. This led them to carry on classical traditions about arts and architects, and popularized the study of subjects common to classical education, such as history, literature, and philosophy.
 * 1) How did Humanism influence Renaissance ideas?

- It was just their traditions and customs, back then, in the Middle Ages. People had demonstrated their piety by wearing rough clothing and eating plain food. Moreover, the basic spirit of Renaissance society was so secular, meaning worldly, rather than spiritual and concerned with the here and now. These are some reasons why even church leaders and wealthy merchants support the arts.
 * 1) Why did church leaders and wealthy merchants support the arts?

5. What were the similarities and differences between upper-class Renaissance men and women? - It is said that both Renaissance Men and Women should have known the classics and to be charming. Also, it is said that all educated people were expected to create art. But women were not expected to seek fame nor create art. Instead, they were only expected to inspire art. However, back then, both upper-class Renaissance men and women had influences in politics, though women had little. - Yes, I do think the qualities called for in the ideal Renaissance men and women seem to be emphasized. I say this because I can see all the positive words saying about themselves. For instance, in the Renaissance Men corner, it says that they are gentle, modest, reserved, above all things avoiding ostentation.
 * 1) After reading the "Analyzing Primary Sources" box, respond to this question: Do the qualities called for in the ideal Renaissance man and woman seem to emphasize the individual or the group? Give evidence in the documents to back up your answer!

Family History Project

APPARTS & Journal of Hamel
 * A || * Hendrick Hamel
 * He was a record keeper ||
 * P || * 16th century~Early 17th century, ship
 * Korea ||
 * P || * Background of Korea and Holland
 * Korea’s relationship with other nations (China) ||
 * A || - Dutch East Indies Company ||
 * R || - Record of the ship’s journey ||
 * T || * The livs of the crew that survived the shipwreck that lived in Korea at that time.
 * Comments on life of Korea ||
 * S || * An example of a subjective history. Europe’s first exposure in a document to life in Korea at this time ||
 * S || * An example of a subjective history. Europe’s first exposure in a document to life in Korea at this time ||

__//**"The Many Hats of a Historian"**//__

Vocabulary

>>
 * heretical
 * a belief or action that most people think is wrong, because it disagrees with beliefs that are generally accepted.
 * faggot:
 * a bundle of sticks
 * Eucharist
 * the Christian religious ceremony in which Christ's last meal with his disciples is celebrated byeating bread and drinking wine.
 * abstain
 * to not do something you want.
 * penance
 * If you do penance for something wrong that you have done, you do something that you find unpleasant to showthat you are sorry.
 * beseeching
 * A beseeching expression, gesture, or tone of voice suggests that the person who has or makes it very much wants someone to do something.
 * source
 * The source of something is the person, place, or thing which you get it from.

> > 08/10/2011
 * 1) In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article? In this event, Hogsflesh is convicted for heretical beliefs, which made him to walk through the streets of Chichester at market time, wearing only a shirt, carrying a faggot.
 * 2) What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles? The roles of a historian defined by John Arnold is recording, and interpreting. He says that the most simple role of the historian is to read records, and report, informing the wider world about the past. On top of that he mentions that interpreting is a significant role of historians since some records are incomplete, and often contradictory. I agree with his assumptions because I also thought that the role of historians are just recording and interpreting.
 * 3) What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?It means that they treat their information with loyalty which means that they do their best, when recording and interpreting. This is important to remember because then, it would allow you to trust the information and not be doubtful about it.
 * 4) How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?A single event can be interpreted in more than one way because interpretation of history varies from person to person. It could depend on a person’s understanding, preferences, or prejudice. For example, Dokdo could be interpreted in different points of view since, there are quarrels going on between Korea and Japan about who owns the island.
 * 5) Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.According to the article attaching meaning to history, which is to makes choices about the context, is the role of analyst. And it says that many historians have questioned whether such a neutral and objective position is ever actually possible. I don’t really have a experience I remember, so I won’t say it. But I personally think that it is not possible for historians to be completely objective since histories have to be interpreted by them. To be objective means not to be influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice. Due to this, I believe it is impossible for a historian to be completely objective.
 * 6) What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history? Since subjective history is affected a lot by a person’s feeling and emotions, the history could be different than what it really is. But personally think it could be beneficial in someways because a person’s thought can be heard.
 * 7) Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not? Historians are storyteller because they tell us stories. They record stories and interpret stories, so we can know about the past. Although there could be myriad versions of every story, I think they could be trusted because of the following reasons. First, as mentioned in the article, historians treat their sources with fidelity which allows me to think they could be trusted. I’m not saying there aren’t fiction makers or liars at all though. And perhaps, they could be all true.
 * 8) How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views? My view of history and historians changed a lot after reading this article. I didn’t know that different interpretations could be made depending on people.Moreover, I never thought that there could be someone who recorded fiction stories. Although I believe that most histories and historians could be trusted, I learned that histories could sometime be false. From now on, I would want to approach history with more care.

Why is the understanding of culture necessary in order to understand history?

The definition of culture is the way people of certain area lives, and how they deal things traditionally. And history of a certain area means the past events occurred in that area. If you just read the definitions of these two words, you wouldn’t really see the relationship between. But the understanding of a culture is very necessary in order to undertand a history of an area, because a culture of an area comes from history, and really, culture is history. For example, Korea and Japan have different culture. During certain holidays, Korean people wear hanbok, which is a Korean traditional clothing. And on the other hand, Japanese, wear kimono. This is because Korea and Japan have a different history; from long since, Korean people wore hanbok, and Japanse people wore kimono. And of culture being history, as mentioned, is because through cultures, you can see the trace of the history. These are the reasons why the understanding of culture is necessary in order to undertand history.