Ji+Hea+Block+A+2011

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French Revolution Ant Farm Block A Plouffe Jihea Chang

media type="custom" key="11293268" width="170" height="170" Bibliography: "Catherine II." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 10 Nov. 2011.


 * 1) ===When and where did they rule and what were their accomplishments?===

Cather the Great accomplished at expanding the territory. Her army won the fight against Ottoman Turk for Black Sea. The Black sea became Russian's territory and people use Black sea to go abroad or trade. She also expanded the country to the west, Poland, where had weak king.
 * Frederik The Great**- He ruled from 1740 to 1786. He was the king of Prussia and he allowed religion freedom and improved educations. But he didn't try to change a social order to change serfdom. The novels had their power because they ruled their own territory, and Frederik The Great needed their supports. So he couldn't possibly abolish serfdom. He is one of the monarchy influenced to many philosophers because he knew correct attitude of being a good king. He thought that the king's attitude always should serving and strengthen his country.
 * Joseph ll**- He was the king of Austria during 1780~1790. He introduced legal reforms and freedom of the press. He allowed freedom for worship. He allowed freedom for protestant, orthodox Christians and Jews. At least, he did try to abolish the serfdom but everything was undone after he died.
 * Catherine The Great**- She ruled Russia from 1762~1796. She read many works of philosophies and exchanged many letter with Voltaire. In 1767, she formed commissions to review Russian's law. The idea or proposal for reforming and reviewing was based on Montesquieu and Beccaria 's ideas. Her commission allowed religion toleration, end of torture, and capital punishment. However, her commissions could not accomplish her goals. But the way she view improved some peasants' life. Her enlightened ideas changed, after massive uprising of serfs in 1773.

2. **How did they reflect the new Enlightenment ideals?**
 * They allowed religion tolerance, capital punishment and serfs. **They allowed lots of freedom but it was hard to accomplish at that time. At least, Catherine the Great succeed at changing the life of peasants, but most of them, couldn't fully success it. During 17th century, even though the world was spreading enlightenment ideas, there were clear ideas of nobles, wealth and hierarchy. And there were less chance for peasants to have freedom at lands or money. But these enlightened monarchs accepted the new idea and wanted to reflect the enlightened spirit. They had two clear goals, 1). Make country stronger and 2). Make their own rules effectively. Some of them accomplished and some did not. But Frederik The Great, Catherine The Great, and Joseph ll truly succeed it and that's why they are so famous.**

//What are some of the ways that western culture changed in response to Enlightenment ideas? Be sure to mention the baroque, neoclassical, and classical styles.//

 * Western cultures changed a lot due to the impact of the Enlightenment ideas.
 * Western cultures changed a lot due to the impact of the Enlightenment ideas.

Art- An European art before the Enlightenment impact happened ( 1600-1700) had detailed and complicated designs. These kind of style is called Baroque style. The style began to change due to Enlightenment influence. Artists preferred more simpler and elegant style which was based on the thems of classical Greece and Rome. Music- before enlightenment idea time, composers such as Johann Sebastian, Bach of Germany and Handel created dramatic organ and choral music. And after enlightenment idea spread out, Europeans preferred more classic, new and elegant and lighter music. Composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Bethoven, Vienna..etc started to become famous. Literature- New forms and styles of writing started to come out after the idea of Enlightenment spread out. Writers wrote crafted plots and used method such as exploring character's thoughts and feelings. Novels became popular in 1700, especially to middle class audience. More women became writers and more books became more famous.

3) Think about People TODAY who you would considered to be ENLIGHTENED thinkers. Research what they have done - justify your choice __in a paragraph__.

 * Oprah Winfrey - Oprah Winfrey is an American media proprietor, who hosts talk-show, actress and a producer. Her show called Oprah Winfrey show, has highest rated program in the history. She is the most richest person in 21st century and most influential to women around the world. She confessed about her bad childhood story and her failures with the world before. She wrote a book about her biography and her failures impressed many people's heart. She was born as black girl, treated bad, and differently. She overcome her problem and starts studying and reading. She tells everyone in the world that reading is a best way to be free and see the outside of the world.

Oprah's Winfrey's show and her books influenced many people's life and people shows their respects toward her. Her positive attitude toward her life, saved herself but also saved the others. She is the first black American woman who became the number 1 top talk-show host. She fought for racism and her actions encourage many black American who are treated bad and differently.

Jihea Chang's Explorer's Journal

__-China: A Missed Opportunity For Global Dominance-__
10/7th, Friday ===Read the first paragraph of p. 45. (see the page numbers in the Reading Pack). Use this map, and the one in MWH p. 35, to identify where "the Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421. What route might they have all taken? Describe it... ===


 * The Emperor Zhu Di (aka Yong Le) was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His father, a poor labourer, had overthrown the Mongol (Yuan) Dynasty which had ruled China since Kublai Khan invaded in 1279. In 1368, Zhu Di's father had taken the Mongol capital, Ta-tu (Beijing), sacked it, pushed the Mongols back behind the Great Wall, and then retired to establish his capital city in Nanjing.**


 * When Zhu Di came to power (his father gave the throne to his nephew instead of his son, so Zhu Di fought and defeated the second emperor), he decided to build a magnificent new capital, to be called the Forbidden City, in Beijing.**

**__-Questions Using Maps-__**

 * Examine the following map which shows the history of the Chinese dynasties. Look carefully at the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and make some generalizations about China under those dynasties. Size? Change from previous dynasties? From your reading, make any observations you can about the two time periods. **
 * The size is very different between Yuan dynasty and Ming dynasty. Yuan Dynasty had very large size of land and Ming dynasty also had large size of land but smaller than Yuan Dyanasty.


 * While reading pages 49-50, explain some of the factors that affected the Chinese attitudes toward foreigners.**
 * There might have been some factors that affected the Chinese attitudes toward foreigners. First, they thought rural farmers represented stability, rather than merchants and foreigners. They thought that the foreigners and merchants upset the tao, Confucianism.**


 * On p. 53 Menzie notes that the new walled capital was to be "fifteen hundred times the area of walled London at that time and housing fifty times the population". SO, using your math skills, refer to the following map and figure out how big that new capital would be. **
 * The population was about 580,000 around 1400 in Beijing.

**Can you find the old city in the modern city? Where is it? What is there now?**
 * Compare the map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built (above) to the map of modern China (below). The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below: **
 * I can find Drum Tower and Bell Tower. Temple of Heaven still exists right now. Inner city still exists, because there is forbidden city and Drum Tower, Bell Tower. Lots of hospital, hotels department store and plazas have built in the Inner Part of the City.


 * On p. 54, Menzies writes that Zhu Di extended the Great Wall (which is actually many separate sections of wall created over hundreds of years) from 5,000 kms to 6,400 kms. You'll notice, that doesn't mean that the wall was 6,400 kms long. If it WAS, where would it reach if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing. **
 * It would have reached down to Yellow River, passing the river. The great wall would have extended until Yumenguan if the Great Wall extended 6,400kims due west of Beijing.


 * Also on p. 54, Zhu Di sent expeditions along the The "Silk Road", along which Chinese traders journeyed to sell their silks, spices, porcelain and other valuable commodities. This was actually a web of many routes that extended from Xi'an into the heart of the Islamic world. It was clear he wanted to recreate the earlier trading empire of the Chinese.**


 * Question: Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go? **
 * The Silk Routes passed many countries such as

India, Tibet, China, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekiostan, Afganistan, Kazakhstan, Persia, Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Greece. The silk road passed through Korea and Japan also. But mostly in middle Asia.



9/27/ Access To Information Paragraph

__Key Skill: Comparison/Contrasting Information (Charting information)__

 * FIRST, I think it is important that we look at the basics of two of the world's great religions, ISLAM and CHRISTIANITY. It is impossible to understand the tension and interactions between the two worlds without this background knowledge.**
 * SO, half the class will be assigned ISLAM and the other half CHRISTIANITY to research. For your homework, fill in the RELIGIONS CHART for your assigned religion and be ready to share with a partner the basics of the faith. Note that you must cite your sources used in MLA format - THIS IS NOT AN OPTION AND NO CREDIT WILL BE GIVEN IF THEY ARE NOT RECORDED PROPERLY.**

-Shittes-Divides into Karijites. -Karijites is more democratic and pure branch. || -Mecca in Saudi Arabia. || -Prophet Muhammad -Ibrahim -Musa(Moses) -Dawud || -Allah: Means one god. -The one and only god, Allah -Believe in one god, Allah. -Views Jesus as a prophet not a song of the god -Angels -holy books(Quran) || -Soudi Arabia -Turkey -Egypt -U.A.E -Oman -Afghanistan -Most of Middle east countries and some Africa -Malaysia ||
 * Your chart (an entire wikipage for this assignment) will have to follow the following design**
 * **Name of religion** || Branches of it || **Area where it started** || Key people in it || **Tenets** || Regions of the world where it is found ||
 * Muslim || -Sunnites
 * Sources for your research (three is the minimum and none can be Wikipedia)**

"BBC - Religions - Islam: Basic articles of faith." BBC - Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. . "Fundamental Muslim Tenets and Beliefs." Answering Islam Deutschland: Startseite. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. .
 * -Citation-**

**Question for Consideration **

**In light of what you have heard above during the Trial of Galileo Galilei, the presentations on controversial topics in science and what you might be able to download from the internet consider the following question.** **//Should there be limits to our access to information?//**

**Take a position on the above question and be prepared to defend it in a //well// written paragraph.****Be sure you follow the same ideas introduced by using TEEEL.**

To accomplish this task do the following:


 * 1) **Reproduce the chart below and put it into your wikispace. Create a separate page for it by using the  . Title it by YOUR NAME CLASS BLOCK INFORMATION**
 * 2) Fill in the chart. This shows planning. You need to do this the same way a construction company follows a detailed diagram before starting work (writing for you).
 * 3) Write your paragraph.
 * 4) Peer edit time. You are to have a partner for this (see Block G Peer Editors 2011 & Block A Peer Editors 2011 )
 * 5) Discuss the editions made with your partner. Your partner's name goes on the top left hand corner of your writing (they're being evaluated).
 * 6) Make corrections or editions. Speak to me if you have any sort of question.


 * **Topic sentence** || == This is the main idea that you want to make about the topic. It should state in one sentence what your paragraph is going to be about. == ||
 * **Elaboration** || == Write one or two sentences explaining your topic sentence. == ||
 * **Examples/Evidence** || == Provide at least two pieces of specific evidence that support your topic sentence. == ||
 * **Explanation/Analysis** || == This is a crucial part of the paragraph which requires some thought. Here, you need to explain how the evidence/examples you provided support your main idea in the topic sentence. This should be 2-4 sentences in length. == ||
 * **Link sentence** || == This sentence summarizes your paragraph and links back to the main idea in the topic sentence. When writing an essay, the role of the this sentence is to link the paragraph back to your thesis. == ||

Sep25th, Sunday,

1).How did the Ottomans treat non-Muslims?
 * Ottomans led Muslims who joined soldiers, not to pay any taxes. But he led non-muslim to pay taxes who didn’t have to serve the army. This simple rule affected strongly on people and made them to believe and follow in Muslim.

2).What were Suleyman's major accomplishments?
 * Suleyman made laws and sent leaders to the each cities to let citizens to follow the one rule. He checked every time if the local leaders were ruling well or not. He had a wide information checking system to check his followers if they were letting people to follow the rule or not. And he cared about his own popularity through people. He knew that the popularity impacted great on the power. Anyway Suleyman's strong rule made people to follow it and made empire to grow.

3).Despite their brilliant rule, what critical mistake did Suleiman and Shah Abbas make?
 * Suleyman feared that his son will over take his power. He killed his son because he was afraid of him. Suleyman didn't know that having sons or inheritor would keep the empire to stay permanently. After Suleiman died, one of his son became sultan but he was a poor leader and always drank and enjoyed music party. Shah Abbas had a same problem. He was afraid of his son just like Suleiman that his sons would seize over his power. So Shah Abbas killed or injured his talented sons. This was a big mistake for them. There was a no right rulers or successors after these great rulers died. So the empire started fell apart.

4).What evidence of cultural blending can you find in Akbar's rule?
 * Akbar made the empire to believe in all the religions and cultures. He led Muslims and Hinduisms to pay same taxes. He treated them all fairly. And this culture led two languages to exist in one country. Hindi blended Persian and other local languages. Nowadays, India still speaks Persian and Urdu, and other languages. Urdu is specifically used in Pakistan right now. Anyway Akbar's way of rule of blending culture still remained as an evidence today.

5).How did Akbar's successors contribute to the end of the Mughal Empire?
 * Akbar’s successors contribute to the end of the Mughal Empire, by letting only Hinduism to pay taxes. They treated them different with Muslims, so this made Hinduism to be mad. This fight continued until today and this is how they ended up the empire. After Akbar died, emperor, Aurangzeb destroyed Hindi temple, or and punished Hindus. And they needed more taxes to fight a battle. After Aurangzeb, the empire fell apart and spread to local areas.

1).What were the CAUSES of the Scientific Revolution? Which one do you think is MOST significant AND WHY?
 * Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world. European scientists at that time, thought that they needed to learn and discover more things. They needed to invent and discover so many new things. After they traveled to Africa, Asia and the Americas, they learned that there are so many things to discover and invent. So European scientists began to do a great job at scientific research and also on astronomy and mathematics.

2).Why might those in positions of authority at the time (Church and government) tend to reject new ideas?
 * Church didn’t want to accept new ideas because people would think that the Church’s learning was wrong. If Church learning was wrong, people might questions other things that Church teaches.

3).Do you agree with Galileo's actions during his trial? Explain.
 * Well, I would say that what Galileo did on his trial was wrong, but if I were him, I would say that too. Under people’s control and torture, how can he say that he is right? When no one agrees with him? So I disagree about what he did but I understand him.

4).Make a list of the major figures of this revolution in thinking and what they did.
 * Copercunis- Created the idea that the Sun is the center of the universe. And all the planets and earth goes around the Sun in the Universe.

Tyche Brahe- He experienced Copercunis’s idea and recorded the movement of planets. Johannes Kepler- Assistant who continued Tyche Brahe’s work and he concluded that the planets orbited in ellipse way.

5).Explain the significance of these terms: Geocentric Theory-Geocentric theory is the idea from Aritotle defined that universe was moving centering the earth. Heliocentric Theory-Stated that the Geocentric Theory was wrong. Theory was saying that the Sun is the center of the universe and the planets and the art orbits around the sun. Scientific Revolution-New way of thinking about the natural world. They discovered many different things and realized that there are so many new things to discover and invent. Scientific method-Scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.



Sep 5th Monday
 * How did the Renaissance contribute to the opening of the mind in Europe?**

Renaissance was the time when there was rebirth with lots of art pieces with different styles, individual importance, and Classical ideas of Greece and Rome. Renaissance contributed to the opening of the mind in Europe because they left many histories such as arts and writings. We can learn what kind of religions they believed and what kind of minds they had before. For example, like Michellangelo’s art piece called the “David” is a sculpture of a naked man and we understands that humanism affected arts. Another example is “Mona Lisa,” by Leonardo Da Vinci. As a consequence of Leonardo Da Vinch’s sketches and his lab results, we can learn that he studied about human and their structures. I opine that remaining evidence of history is consequential to let others to know what you did on the past. What these two artists drew gave a huge impact to the future generations. And Renaissance is contribution of the opening mind of Europe because Renaissance left many art pieces and literature and these helped future generations to conversant and get ideas from the past. That’s why some of Renaissance time period’s ideas still remain nowadays.Renaissance period of time throws the dark age away and step up to the new generations. Renaissance contributed to the opening of the mind in Europe because it left lot of evidences, such as art pieces and literatures. And these art pieces and literatures got effect from humanism. We can determine many informations from the history.

1. How did the cities of Italy help create the Renaissance?


 * Italy was good trading place because it was surrounded by sea. And Italy had good and rich soil that plants could grew well.

2.What is your opinion of the Medici family?


 * Medici family is very rich and wealthy and I think they supported many arts. They are rich but they’re mean and Cosimo de Medici was a dictator of Florence before.

3. How did Humanism influence Renaissance ideas?


 * Humanism is studying of human and this influenced art and architecture. Before the Renaissance time, Christians forbid people to show their naked body or make a status of it. But now in Renaissance time, people focused on humanism.

4. Why did church leaders and wealthy merchants support the arts?


 * They had most of the money and they were patron of arts. The painting and fancy architecture in their house represented their importance.

5.What were the similarities and differences between upper-class Renaissance men and women?


 * Upper-class women had little influence at politic and they usually supported arts. Upper-class men usually influenced politic.

6.After reading the "Analyzing Primary Sources" box, respond to this question: Do the qualities called for in the ideal Renaissance man and woman seem to emphasize the individual or the group? Give evidence in the documents to back up your answer!

Jihea Chang's Family History Project
8/12 Friday APPART Example "Journal of Hamel"

8/9 Tuesday Why is the understanding of culture necessary in order to understand history?


 * Culture means the way of people lives. There are lots of countries and a lot of people, and there are thousands of different cultures existing. Culture exists in everywhere. It exists in a country or in a person’s mind. Part of culture is related to the religion and beliefs. So if a person has a religion or has her/his own vision mind, the culture exists. Wherever, where the living things exists, there are cultures. For example, Muslim concerned about cleanliness for the religion and it was part of their culture. So they built Hamam, a Turkish bathroom. And Hamam became so old and became one of the historical place so far now. Hamam became part of the history and traditions of Turkey. The belief of Muslim led human to build the Hamam, the famous Turkish bath. Just like this, culture could make a history . With a belief, that makes human to do anything what they believe. So when a person has a great vision and a goal which is part of his/her culture can affect himself/herself and it might change the world.

8/11 Thursday 1). In section 1, Heretical Beliefs, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article
 * Hogsflesh had to walk through the street wearing only t-shirt and shoes and a strip of linen around his waist. And he carried his faggot. He had to go to the small platform and had to declare that he had accepted his conviction of believing heretical belief.

2). What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles?
 * There are many different roles of historian. Their job is being an interpreter,analyst, political campaigner, judger, and philosopher. I think I agree some parts of assumptions and I don’t agree with some of them. Any other roles that I think it’s useful are a historian who analyst the story and tells why it happened, and also thinks about the future. So he/she needs to write the history for thinking about the future. History is a past and we learn from the past. If those kind of roles of historian gives a solution relating to the future, the readers in the futures might get some help at their problems.

3). What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?
 * What is most important to the historians is to write a truth. So I think treating their sources with fidelity means writing true story. Lying is not being a good role of the historian.

4). How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?
 * The historians can interpret in many different ways in different point of view. I think philosopher historian will have the best points of view for my event.

5). Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.
 * When I was young, my family went to the amusement park and we went to this place where there was dinosaurs. The dinosaurs made horrible scary loud sound and I got so scared. After that, my mom told me that it was really interesting and very amazing for her. It’s very private experience because my mom and I had different experiences. I think it is not easy for historians to see the events with objective eyes all the time.

6). What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?


 * When historians practice subjective history, they might get confused because they might get some different prejudice. And these prejudices can judge it to be good and bad side. These good and bad can be separated into two sides and there might be an argument between some historians. But subjective history can be useful. It helps historians to think creatively about the situation and gets to know better at other solutions next time. But I think subjective point of view and objective point of view are both useful.

I remember my incident strongly because I felt so surprised and scared and that was part of my experience. I attached my feelings to the incident and it’s easier to remember better than objective facts .And my mom didn’t remember as much as me but she also remembered by her experience. So we usually remembered the incident by our feeling and experience. We don’t usually remember some situations with objective thinking. So I guess, historian usually writes down the history with subjective thought.

7). Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?
 * Every historian are storyteller because they basically tell about what happened. Storyteller and historian are slightly different because historian needs to explain the story with an evidence and storyteller explains story that are not sure mostly. And we don’t know if it’s all true. I think we can trust most of historians who have evidence behind their story but not the historians who don’t really have the evidence. For example, most of people thought that trojan horse was mostly fake before the German Archaeologist found it.

8). How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?
 * I learned that history has many different roles in order to write the incident. I will try to look at the history with all those different ways when I read history not to fall in the false fact and not to get the wrong ideas and opinions.[[file:9A-JiheaChang-Renaissance unit work.pages]]

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