Jung+Jae+Block+A+2011

= = = 9A-Jung Jae Sohn- Diary = = = =French Revolution Ant Farm Block A Sohn Jung Jae=

What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?
- In the past, many people have explored the sea for new lands. People had different reasons and purposes to find the new lands. Some people were excited about finding the new land and the others wanted wealth. Long time ago, many people were guaranteed with money by kings or other people if they find the new land. There are many different kinds of forms you can get as a reward from finding the new land, but I think the major reward was money.

What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?
- There can be variety of obstacles while embarking on a voyage. Bad weather can result the boat to sink in the water. The people in the boat can get a severe disease. Also, you can meet the pirats and end up getting killed by them.

What will you do if you actually run into other people?
- While exploring, the people are going to need many things to survive. If it's a long trip, eventually the materials the people have will run out. If I run into other people during the trip, I'll trade materials we both need. Even though the people are not close to us, there's a high possibility that they'll trade with us because there in severe trip too like us, they'll need materials to survive.

- Europeans preferred to use open conflict and colonization, but the Chinese under Zhu Di used trade, influence, and bribery for diplomacy. For example, even though Zhu Di had enough ships weapons, and guns to easily defeat any of the countries around them, Zhu Di still sent large armadas with gifts for leaders of the other countries. These countries also received protection, trading rights, Chinese learning and books. So, since China gave so much to these countires, those countries had a debt to China and fell into tribute system.
 * Explain this difference. **

**Explain how Zhu Di strived to make Beijing the world's INTELLECTUAL capital.** - On page 62, it says how making a tribute system made it so China could also learn from the geography, science, art, and cultures from those countries. Zhu Di also combined those and Chinese learning into the four thousand volume "Yong-Le Dadian" which is his encyclopedia. Also, Zhu Di supported the printing press and making books and novels. Finally, Zhu Di also supported astronomy and made the countries in the tribute system like Korea and Japan to keep records of astronomy and stars so that they could help with navigation and trade.


 * Is there evidence here that Zhu Di truly did not understand what was happening to his rule? **
 * -** There is evidence that Zhu Di did not understand because he thought the gods were angry with him and were trying to take away the mandate of the heaven. The quote on page 76 shows that Zhu Di is scared and doesnt understand why this is all happening. And he lists a bunch of reasons why it might be like that but then he says that "I cannot find reason in my confusion"


 * List all the things that happened to the old emperor near the end of his life. **
 * -** Zhu Di had many problems before he left. He had physical problems like where the horse injured him and he couldn't father any children because he was impotent. Also he had the political problems and the environmental problems which came from the cost of building the Forbidden City, treasure ships, Grand Canal, and the Great Wall. This also led to many uprisings in China and in tribute places like Vietnam.

What route might they have all taken? Describe it...
===- **Silk Road was used to reach Beijin. Many people didn't use the Silk Road first because they didn't know about it. As time passed, many merchants started to use it for trading with other parts of the region. It was comfortable for the merchants to trade because they can travel long distances with it.**===

- Yuan is much larger and incorporates. Central Asia the Yuan was a foreign dynasty of mongol conquerors. The Ming Dynasty, which cam after The Yuan was smaller and did not incorporate the nomadic areas of Central Asia and Manchuria because it was a native chinese dynasty. In fact page 61 mentions that Ming had to pacify Manchuria and build a Great Wall as defense against Central Asia(page 54). Also, Ming took over parts of Southeast Asia, including Vietnam where Ming took the wood and forest trees needed to build the Grand Canal(page 58).
 * Look carefully at the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and make some generalizations about China under those dynasties. Size? Change from previous dynasties? From your reading, make any observations you can about the two time periods. **

- The city is contained with 12,500,000 people.
 * SO, using your math skills, refer to the following map and figure out how big that new capital would be. **

**Can you find the old city in the modern city? Where is it? What is there now?**
 * The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below: **
 * -** The old imperial city currently located where Beihi to the West and the holiday inn crown plaza to the east, ping an dajie in the north, fuxyng menwai dajie street in the south, the borders of the inner city is andingmen dongdajie street on the north, guanganmennei dagi in the south, dong samhu street in the east, the southern border is youanmen street, the temple of heaven is still there next to the national history museum, the temple of the sun is not seen on the map, the temple of the moon is not on the map.


 * If it WAS, where would it reach if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing. **
 * -** It reaches the Caspian Sea

- china, russia, uzbekistan, kazakstan, turkey, isreal, iran, iraq,
 * Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go? **

China questions
1. On what philosophical assumptions are the Hongwu emperor’s words and actions based? - It should be based on Confucianism.

2. Do you think that his actions will solve the problems he refers to? Why or why not? - I personally think that his actions will solve the problems because it will bring peace to the dynasty. Also, the dynasty will have less disasters, won't get distracted by other things easily.

1. Does the emperor’s approach to solving the problem of evil behavior in this excerpt differ from that in the first? If so, how? - The approach of the emperor's are similar in a way they try to make the evil go away, but it's different in away they try to ban the things people fancy.

2. On what philosophical assumptions are Hongwu’s words here based? Think Chinese philosophy. - It should be based on Confucianism.

3. As an official, what would be your reaction to the emperor’s admonitions? - As an official, I would support the emperor's admonitions because he is trying to make the evil go away and he is truly trying to help the people out.

4. The emperor clearly holds himself up as a model of self-restraint for his officials to emulate. As an official, how would you take this? - As an official I would support and help the emperor because if people follow the emperor and he does a good job, eventually the people will follow him.

5. Would your reaction be changed if you suddenly learned that the Hongwu emperor had dozens of concubines and consorts, with whom he fathered twenty-six sons and sixteen daughters? - I think my reaction towards this will change because I'll be very disappointed. This shows that Hongwu wasn't truthful for the whole time.

Why did the Muslim world not come to dominate world affairs during this time period?
Dominating the modern world required a vast amount of government wealth, good economic administration, and development of modern technology. Governments of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all failed to dominate the modern world because they couldn’t maintain these things. The expenses of the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires were always higher than revenues because the governments overspent on wars with poor results such as the Ottoman invasion of Europe, the Safavid wars against the Ottoman, and the Mughal conquest of southern India. Also, the emperors like Shah Jahan in Mughal and Ibrahim the Mad in the Ottoman spent on large building projects or luxuries. Unlike the Muslims, Europeans made a modernized economy that gained profits from overseas colonies, overseas trade, and government support of industries, which allowed for new technologies, especially the military and naval needed to conquer the world. Thus, Muslims couldn’t use new technologies that the Europeans were using. The new weapons and innovation in ships cost a great amount of money which the Muslim governments couldn’t afford. Ultimately then, the rise of Europeans blocked any Muslim expansion.

- The Shi ites - The Sufis - The Nation of Islam || Arabia in the Middle East || -Abu Bakr -Umar -Uthman - Prophet Muhammad || - There is one god and that Muhammad is one of god's messengers. - Believes in god's angels, books, messengers, the Day of Judgement, and destiny - || -India -Saudi Arabia - Indonesia - ||
 * **Name of religion** || Branches of it || **Area where it started** || Key people in it || **Tenets** || Regions of the world where it is found ||
 * Islam || - The Sunnis

citation - Huda, http://islam.about.com/od/basicbeliefs/p/intro.htm, 9/28/2011 - http://www.aarweb.org/syllabus/syllabi/r/robbins/1JM8Q-PHIL203/IslamBranches.html, 9/28/2011


 * **Topic sentence** || == This is the main idea that you want to make about the topic. It should state in one sentence what your paragraph is going to be about. == ||
 * **Elaboration** || == Write one or two sentences explaining your topic sentence. == ||
 * **Examples/Evidence** || == Provide at least two pieces of specific evidence that support your topic sentence. == ||
 * **Explanation/Analysis** || == This is a crucial part of the paragraph which requires some thought. Here, you need to explain how the evidence/examples you provided support your main idea in the topic sentence. This should be 2-4 sentences in length. == ||
 * **Link sentence** || == This sentence summarizes your paragraph and links back to the main idea in the topic sentence. When writing an essay, the role of the this sentence is to link the paragraph back to your thesis. == ||

Muslim 5 questions
Istanbul was located at the intersection of three continents and major overland and sea trading routes. This meant high cultural, religions, and ethnic diversity within the empire. For example, when the Ottomans defeated Constantinople, they took a large population of Christians and Jews who were in the Byzantine Empire. To maintain stability and to get the loyalty of people in the empire, the Ottomans were tolerant of non-muslims. However, non-Muslims had to pay a tax although they didn’t serve in the army. Muslims didn’t have to pay tax, but had to serve in the army. Christians and Jews were considered to be the “People of the Book,” so they were a protected religion.
 * 1) How did the Ottomans treat non-Muslims?

2. What were Suleiman's major accomplishments? Sulieman accomplished many things. First of all, he expanded the empire’s vast amount of land. He created a highly structured and efficient imperial government with thousands of slaves serving the sultanate. Also, he have helped the Christians and Jews by protecting them as “People of the Book,” which followed older Muslim empire’s imperial customs. Christian boys were converted to Islam and served in either the government or the elite soldiers called “Janissary.” Other than this, he revised the laws of the empire and created many wonderful architectural works.

3. Despite their brilliant rule, what critical mistake did Suleiman and Shah Abbas make? Sulieman and Shah Abbas both feared that their sons were trying to seize power from him, so they had their sons killed. However, these sons were the most talented. Eventually, weak and ineffective grandsons became the leaders and the empire lost power because of their poor leadership.

4. What evidence of cultural blending can you find in Akbar's rule? India is a large subcontinent with a Hindu majority and hundreds of varied ethnic groups, cultural groups and languages. Akbar allowed religious tolerance, opened government jobs to both Muslim and Hindus, helped establish two new languages, Urdu and Hindu, which were combinations of various Indian languages with Persian, and Indian book illustrations were adapted from Persian art. Most importantly however, Akbar’s policy of religious tolerance helped to make a stable empire, which Akbar’s successors did not follow.

5. How did Akbar's successors contribute to the end of the Mughal Empire? As time passed, subsequent emperors did not follow Akbar’s example of toleration for stability of the empire. Jahangir was the ruler, but the real power was with his wife Nur Jahan who had a rivalry with one of Jahangir’s sons. The son found help from Sikhs who then became increasingly persecuted and began to rebel against the empire. After Jahangir, Shah Jahan began many large building projects which needed tax raises on the people. Finally, Aurangzeb ended any kind of toleration of Hindus and destroyed their temples which caused rebellions. To pay for fighting these rebellions, he raised taxes on Hindus but not Muslims which made the tensions worse. Because Hindus were the majority in the empire that was ruled by Muslims, this led to the instability that Mughal emperors cant control anymore.

Analytical reading/thinking
5questions 1. -During Renaissance, explorers traveled to distant lands and discovered new species of animals and plants. Cultures, and technologies that created the possibility that new truths could be found. During middle Ages, it was assumed that all knewable truths had already been discovered. -Invention of the printing press spread ideas. This is important because printing gave more people chances to participate in science and education. During middle ages writing and learning was controlled by the church which didn't always agree with the new sciences. - Exploration needed new scientific theories and technologies that surprassed classical knowledge. Also need for improvement made people closely observe the world and realize that what they were observing didn't match ancient knowledge. 2. - During Middle Ages, the church dominated society, knowledge of the world, and people's ways of thinking. Also, during the Science Renaissance, kings were stronger than they were during the Middle Ages, and same kings were allies of the people. -If people questioned and disproved church ideas about science they could possibly question other long accepted ideas of the church, and the church could lose its dominance in European life. - Governments that aligned with the papacy could lose credibility if the church lost credibility, and rebellious people could attack their own governments as being representaties of the church. 3. - Yes, because before his trial he stayed publicly silent, while continuing his studies. By staying silent, ut also presented what could have been a larger and more aggressive attack on the new science. - By confessing during his trial, Galileo sacrificed himself to again prevent a larger possible persecution against new science that might have happened if he had not confessed.

4. Copernicus: - First to suggest that a heliocentric view of the universe was possible, but his math was flawed and he didn't publish until the last year of his life of fear of ridicule an d punishments. Brahe: - Carefully collected data of astonimical observations. Brahe's assistant: - Kepler used Brahe's tables to conclude that planets went around the sun in heliocentric ellipses, not circles. Galelio: - Sided with the heliocentric theory and rejected the apocentric theory. - Proved Aristalle wrong by showing that moons and planets had rough surfaces. - Discovered mars in Jupiter. - Was forced to confeis and renounce heliocentricism during a church trial. Bacon: - Attacked medieval and ancient ideas and the people who agreed with them. - Supported a method of experimentation called empiricism - Helped establish the scientific method - Descartes: - Also rejected medieval and ancient assumptions. - Created analytical geometry to make science more mathematical. - Relied on logic and deductive reasoning to find a truth - Helped establish the scientific method. Newton: - Discovered gravity - Wrote mathematical principles of Naturnal Philosophy in which he wrote that the universe in mathematical and acts like a glant dock. Janssen: - Invented mircroscope Leeuwen Hoek: - used microscope to view bacteria and red blood cells. Torricelli: - Made the first mercury barometer Fahrenheit: - Invented first mercury thermometer Celsius: - Created a new scale for the thermometer Vesalius: - Disproved Gallen's assumptions that all animal anatomies were similar. - Dissected and studied human curpses and made detailed drawings Jenner: - Invented smallpox vaccine Boyle; - Disproved aristotle's idea that matter was made of fear elements. - Created Boyle's Law which showed that volume, temperature, and pressure of gas affect each other.

5. - Geocentric theory: Theory made by ptolemy that states the earth is at the center of the universe and that all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth. This is adapted by the church and become a major part of church idiology throughout the Middle Ages. - Heliocentric: The sun and not the earth is at the center of the universe and all heavenly hollies, including the earth revolve around it. Copernius thought the revolutions were circlar, but Kepler showed they were elliptical. Newton explained that ellipses occur because of the gravity planets pulled on one another. Directly challenged the church's domination of science and challenged the assumption that ancient thinkers such as ptotery should be believed without question. - Scientific Revolution: A new way of thinking about and observing the world that started during the Renaissance in the 1600s and continued into the 1700s. It presented a more reliable method of studying nature using math, deductive reasoning, logic, publishing, better technology and the scientific method. It was the start of Europe's movement away from medieval culture such as the domination of the church, superstitions thinking and accepted views of ancient philosophies. - Scientific Method: A systematic and objective approach to science using a combination of matural laws, observation, experiments, and mathematics. Provides a safe gaurd against medieval practices of believing in an idea without first testing it and used math to a replace less objective ideas like superstition and religion.

How did the Renaissance contribute to the opening of the mind in Europe? The Renaissance spread and contributed to Europe because the people wanted back the life of culture of classical Greece and Rome. Renaissance is the rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman learning that had been too lost in Europe during the medieval era. During the Renaissance, there was an explosion of new ways o thinking, observing, and analyzing the world, ideas, and human nature. The Renaissance first started at Italy because they never experienced a "dark eyes," writing had never disappeared, and Italian city states had constant with Muslims. By Renaissance starting in Italy, there was a revival of ancient like humanism and political systems. There was also greater focus on secular pursuits like secular humanities. There was a greater focus on everyday life on people like the use of the vernacular language. Lastly, there was a education reform movement like using the printing press in a publishing revolution. Like you can see, the Renaissance had gave back the classical culture to Europe by spreading around.

How did the Renaissance contribute to the opening of the mind in Europe? The Renaissance spread ed and contributed to Europe (what did they contribute to?) because the people wanted back the life of culture of classical Greece and Rome. (the topic sentence) Renaissance is the rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman learning that had bee n too lost in Europe during the medieval era. During the Renaissance, there was an explosion of new ways of thinking, observing, and analyzing the world, ideas, and human nature. The Renaissance first started at ( it should be " in ") Italy because they never experienced a "dark eyes," writing had never disappeared, (specify please) and Italian city states had constant with Muslims (more examples and what it is ). B y Renaissance starting in Italy, there was a revival of ancient like humanism and political systems. There was also greater focus on secular pursuits like secular humanities. There was a greater focus on everyday life on people like the use of the vernacular language. Lastly, there was a n education reform movement like using the printing press in a publishing revolution ( more about the printing press and the cause and effects of the printing press). Like you can see, the Renaissance had gave back the classical culture to Europe by spreading around.

edited by Nahyeon

Video


1.. 2. It's a picture of my grandparents and my father right after the war. 3. It's a primary source since it was taken during the war. 4. Like I said this picture is taken right after the war. My grandfather is wearing a military clothes because it was required for mens to participate in the army. 5. The document I showed in the video is related to the picture because it shows how my grandparents succeeded after the severe war.

1. 2. It's a newspaper that my father collected in the past about my grandparents. 3. It's a primary source because it's a newspaper after the war. 4. It shows how my grandparents succeeded in South Korea by becoming doctors. 5. This relates to the picture in the video because it shows how my grandparents became doctors in that severe environment.

Timeline 1. Korean War(1950~1953) - My grandparents came from North Korea during the war. They didn't know each other during the war, but they saw each other after the war at a medical school. 2. My birthday(1996) - I was born in March 8, 1996. 3. My grandmother past away(2006) - She passed away after living a great life. 4. My grandfather past away(2006) - He passed away after leaving great success in the medical area. 5. My brother's birthday(1993) - My brother was born in January 12, 1993. 6. Went to a family trip(2005) - My whole family members went to Hawaii for a family trip. It was a great experience because it is rare to go to a trip with the whole family. 7. Went to America to study(2006) - I lived in California and Connecticut for 3years when I was young to study. It was great experience because it made me learn and receive great english classes. 8. Graduating middle school(2011) - I graduated from a international school in Korea called SAIS, Seoul Academy International School. I made great memories with my friends and it was one of my best time I ever had in my life. 9. Soccer Tournament(2011) - I participated in a soccer tournament for the first time because I played soccer in my middle school. Even though it was my first time, I was able to achieve a great result with my team. 10. KIS - After I graduated from middle school, I got accepted from a high school called KIS. Even though it's my 3rd week of school, I'am having a great time with my friends and teachers.

Apparts & Journal of Hamel

 * A || Hendrick Hamel created the source. He was the first person to discover Korea while he was a journal recorder. He said that Korea is inhumane and cruel. ||
 * P || The source was produced in the 17th century when he was captured by the Koreans because his ship was shipwrecked. At this time, he didn’t know much about Korea, so the information was not sure and prejudiced. ||
 * P || Background of Korea and Holland at that time. Namely, I would want to know Korea’s relationship was like with other nations. ||
 * A || Dutch East indies Company ||
 * R || Record of the ship’s journey ||
 * T || The live of the crew that survived the shipwreck that lived in Korea at this time. Comments on life in Korea. ||
 * S || An example of a subjective history. Europe’s first exposure in a document to life in Korea at this time. ||

1. In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article? - John Hogsflesh had to walk through the streets of Chichester at market time holding a faggot in bad conditions. When he arrived, he went up to the platform and declared that he is guilty for the heretical beliefs. After this, he had to do the penance written by the church authorities by himself for couple of days constantly. Think about how miserable and difficult this should have been. I think the main point of the article is to show the tough and severeness of religion through out this time. By looking at the penance, the churches were very harsh and religions were very serious.

2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles? - The roles of a historian that are defined by John Arnold are to read records by reporting on what he or she finds there and simply arranging the events in chronological order, but not commenting more about it. I agree to this because it is cleaner and clearer if it is in time order and it is easier for people to search for it. For another role, the historians should include the people's opinions about what they found when they report so it would be described better.

3. What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references? - History is contained with all the events that happend from the past to the current. This means that all the things that are included in history are factual informations. If people start to treat their sources with fidelity, this means that their own opinions and thinking are used. Like I said before, history is only full of factual things, but if people's opinions are combined with it, people will get to look at it from many different aspects which should not happen. Also, it can cause it to be a bigger problem because people can be prejudiced about some part of history.

4.How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view? - When more than a person interprets a single event, it is normal to interpret it in more than one way. People think and have different opinions about situations before they talk about it. Even, just by looking at an apple, people can interpret this in varieties of different points of view. For example, when I was young, I had an experience participating in a drawing contest. There were five judges, but they all had different scores after looking at my drawing because they all had different aspects of looking at the drawing.

5.Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response. - When I was very young, I ran into fights with my older brother a lot. I don't remember why, but we got into a fight because I annoyed my brother in some kind of way. He got so annoyed that he started to hit me. From this situation, I thought that I shouldn't have to get hit because I was just kidding with him. My brother thought I should get hit because I made him annoyed. Even in this small situation, my brother and I had different thoughts. This shows that interpreting history is much harder, which means it makes it difficult to interpret objectively. Even though it's hard, historians should try their best to interpret only based on factual informations.

6.What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history? - When historians practice subjective history, many problems are made like people will be prejudiced about some part of history. When you learn something new in history, your suppose to have no knowledge about it so your opinions won't effect anything. Still it can be beneficial too because people's opinions helps others understand history better like a story. When I fought with my older brother, I thought that I was the one who always right and my brother is the one who is always wrong. I was able to remember this event in the way I wanted to because I was biased that I was always correct. By looking at this, you can see that it is almost impossible for the historians to be objective for the whole time towards history. Still they should try their best to keep objective.

7.Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not? - All the historians are storytellers because their job is to tell stories. History can't be just told or made until the historians interpret it and tells it to the people. When they group up all the different perspectives and looks through it in variety of different ways while they try to be objectives as most, then history is made. Of course history can't be contained with only truths because historians are the ones who tells them. There the same human as others, so they can't be objective the whole time.

8.How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views? - Before I read this article, I thought all history I learned until now is only based on factual informations. Unfortunately, not all of it is true because it is interpreted by the humans who can't be objective for the whole, people have different perspectives. I know that humans can't be objective for the whole time, but I thought we should try our bests to be objective when we interpret something to be factual the most. Also, when I interpret something I know about, I should try to forget all of that because I can be biased on some parts of it. What I mean is I should start from zero knowledge on that part of history.

Vocab
1. heretical: Is one that most people think is wrong because it disagrees with beliefs hat are generally accepted. 2. faggot: a bundle of sticks. 3. Eucharist: Christian religious ceremony in which Christ's last meel with his disciples is celebrated by eating bread and drinking wine. 4. abstain: deliberately do not do something. 5. penance: Do something that you find unpleasant to show that you are sorry. 6. beseeching: ask something very eagerly. 7. source: It is the person, place, or thing which you get it from.

Even though‍ it doesn't ‍seem connected, culture and history are related to each other. Culture is the way a people lives. The reason why understanding culture helps understand history is because history is the story of people and not just events. ‍It's how people responded to, accepted, or rejected those events. Each place has a different culture. Varieties of researches about cultures show that each place has a different culture. ‍ The people have different style of living, characteristic, and personality.‍ History is not just time, it starts and is related to small things like culture. ‍