Chae+Won+Block+A+2011

=RACHEL CHAEWON LEE=

= French Revolution Ant Farm Block A Lee Chaewon=

9A-ChaewonLee-Glogster

= Unit 3 - Rachel Lee=

ChaewonLee-TheAgeofExploration
=== Read the first paragraph of p. 45. (see the page numbers in the Reading Pack). Use this map, and the one in MWH p. 35, to identify where "the Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421. What route might they have all taken? Describe it... ===

In my opinion, most of them used Silk Road to reach Beijin on 2 February 1421. During the time, Silk Road was safe for everyone since a lot of merchants are passing for trading. Also, they can use oversea route.


 * Examine the following map which shows the history of the Chinese dynasties. Look carefully at the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and make some generalizations about China under those dynasties. Size? Change from previous dynasties? From your reading, make any observations you can about the two time periods. **

The Yuan Dynasty during 1294 expanded to the north and the west. The Ming Dynasty's size is much more smaller than the Yuan Dynasty. However, the Ming Dynasty is expanded towards the south a little.


 * While reading pages 49-50, explain some of the factors that affected the Chinese attitudes toward foreigners. **

Confucianism affected the Chinese attitudes toward foreingers. People disturbed the tao, which means the interaction of natural forces. This determined everyone's life, their rank, their rites and the position allocated to them in the social hierarchy. The merchants and foreigners continually upset the tao.


 * On p. 53 Menzie notes that the new walled capital was to be "fifteen hundred times the area of walled London at that time and housing fifty times the population". SO, using your math skills, refer to the following map and figure out how big that new capital would be. **

The population of the new capital would be from about 200,000 ~ 250,000 people.

**Can you find the old city in the modern city? Where is it? What is there now?**
 * Compare the map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built (above) to the map of modern China (below). The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below: **

Yes, I can find the old city in the modern city. I was able to find the water source plan on the both side. However, the modern city map is easy to follow and specific than the old city's.


 * Also on p. 54, Zhu Di sent expeditions along the The "Silk Road", along which Chinese traders journeyed to sell their silks, spices, porcelain and other valuable commodities. This was actually a web of many routes that extended from Xi'an into the heart of the Islamic world. It was clear he wanted to recreate teh earlier trading empire of the Chinese.**


 * Question: Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go? **

The Silk Road went through China, India, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Pakistan.


 * An Imperial Edict Restraining Officials From Evil**

1. On what philosophical assumptions are the Hongwu emperor’s words and actions based?


 * Hongwu emperor’s words and actions are based on refraining from evil. (Legalism)**

2. Do you think that his actions will solve the problems he refers to? Why or why not?


 * I think his actions will solve the problems because giving fear to the people is the best way to control them. Even though there can be a conflict, there is no way to make people obey one’s saying than threatening.**

1. Does the emperor’s approach to solving the problem of evil behavior in this excerpt differ from that in the first? If so, how?


 * The emperor’s approach to solving the problem is differ from that in the first. At first, the emperor stated severe and strict punishments, but later, he said he wanted to protect his reputation by having done away with music, beautiful girls, and valuable objects.**

2. On what philosophical assumptions are Hongwu’s words here based? Think Chinese philosophy.


 * Confucianism is a way of life taught by Confucius in the 6th-5th century BC. Hongwu’s words here are based on Confucianism.**

3. As an official, what would be your reaction to the emperor’s admonitions?


 * As an official, I would inform to the emperor that there should be a limit when he manage the people. However, I would not disagree with his ideas and plans.**

4. The emperor clearly holds himself up as a model of self-restraint for his officials to emulate. As an official, how would you take this?


 * As an official, I would respect the emperor’s resolution and obey his order.**

5. Would your reaction be changed if you suddenly learned that the Hongwu emperor had dozens of concubines and consorts, with whom he fathered twenty-six sons and sixteen daughters?


 * My reaction would not changed because having more children means that he care about his dynasty and willing to have more choices to pick from them. The variety will help him to choose the best one.**

9A-RachelLee-TEEEL





 * And then answer the following questions:**

1. How did the Ottomans treat non-Muslims?


 * The Ottomans ruled kindly through local officials. Muslims had to serve the army but did not need to pay taxes. Non-Muslims paid their taxes but did not serve in the army.**

2. What were Suleyman's major accomplishments?


 * Suleyman Ⅰ brought the Ottoman Empire to its greatest size and most impressive achievements. He developed the empire by building an excellent building in the capital and revising the law.**

3. Despite their brilliant rule, what critical mistake did Suleiman and Shah Abbas make?


 * Shah Abbas killed his most talented sons because he was afraid that they will take over his position and seize power from him. At last, an ineffective grandson became the ruler, which led the empire to fall.**

4. What evidence of cultural blending can you find in Akbar's rule?


 * Akbar allowed people to choose any religion they want to believe in. He showed an example by letting his wife choose her own religion. Also, hindi blended Persian and local languages due to his policy of blending different cultures.**

5. How did Akbar's successors contribute to the end of the Mughal Empire?


 * After Akbar’s death, his successors chose not to follow Akbar’s policy. They were harsh and strict to the citizens. Shah Jahan built many beautiful building but these required high taxes. The people had to suffer under their rule which led the empire to fall apart.**


 * Reading Assignment pg.189-94**

1. What were the CAUSES of the Scientific Revolution? Which one do you think is MOST significant AND WHY?


 * One of the causes of the Scientific Revolution few European scholars challenged the ancient ideas or questioned the church. I think questioning the church is the most significant because this helped people to think deeply and experiment for the actual fact. Also, the fact that the scholars questioned the church is an important point because at that time, everything was based on what the Bible said. The people had to follow and obey what the church told them to do.**

2. Why might those in positions of authority at the time (Church and government) tend to reject new ideas?


 * The Church and government might tend to reject new ideas because if people learn new facts, they will not obey the church and government’s saying anymore. They will state their opinions and might rebel.**

3. Do you agree with Galileo's actions during his trial? Explain.


 * I disagree with Galileo’s actions during his trial because if he was confident with his finding, he should have kept try to convince the Pope that his ideas were true. Even though he was getting tortured, I think he should not have agreed that the ideas of Copernicus were false.**

4.Make a list of the major figures of this revolution in thinking and what they did. Writes a book about his findings || Put on a trial and found guilty in 1992 || Examines red blood cells for the first time || 5. Explain the significance of these terms:
 * **The Major Figures** || **Results** ||
 * Nicolaus Copernicus || Proves heliocentric
 * Johannes Kepler || Proves elliptical orbits ||
 * Galileo Galilei || Discovers moons of planets
 * Isaac Newton || Discovers the law of universal gravitation ||
 * Anton van Leeuwenhoek || Observes bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings
 * Robert Boyle || Boyle’s law (how the volume, temperature, and pressure of gas affect each other) ||
 * Geocentric Theory
 * **Earth-centered view of the universe**
 * **Christianity taught that God had placed the Earth at the center of the universe**
 * Heliocentric Theory
 * **Sun-centered view of the universe**
 * **Contradicted the religious views**
 * Scientific Revolution
 * **A change in European thought that historians called**
 * **A new way of thinking about the world**
 * **Based on the observation instead of following religious beliefs**
 * Scientific method
 * **A logical procedure for gathering information**
 * **Question an observation - hypothesis - experiment - analyze and interpret data - conclusion**


 * Renaissance Assignment**




 * //‘How did the Renaissance contribute to the opening of the mind in Europe?'//**

The Renaissance contributed to the opening of the mind Europe because it has helped to have a strong focus on education and research. Simply, the Renaissance is a rebirth of ancient Greek and Rome. Because during Middle Ages, Europeans suffered from war and plague, the survivors wanted to celebrate. This led people to question the church and starts to develop culture, education, and technology instead of studying religion. For example, a famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci studied how a true “Renaissance man” works. There are two types, the Renaissance Man and the Renaissance Woman. Both of them have to know the classics and be charming. Also, he studied how human body works and moves, humanism. His thoughts helped with the opening of the mind because group of people thinking about art and learning than religion supported other people to consider new ideas and patrons to assist the painters. We can notice the Renaissance society was secular because even church leaders lived in beautiful places and wore expensive clothes. After all, the Renaissance influenced Europe by reforming the society.

Commented by: Yena Kim :)


 * Class Assignment**
 * "Why Europe gains dominance?"**

In my opinion, Europe gains dominance because of various reasons including developed society with good technology. But also, they are geocentric. Italy is located in the middle, trading goods, religion, and culture. They get more ideas from other places and expand their knowledge and power.


 * Reading Assignment pg.36-9 **

1. How did the cities of Italy help create the Renaissance?


 * Overseas trade led to the growth of large city-states in northern Italy. Also, the region had many large towns. So while the rest of Europe was still countryside style, northern Italy has developed.**

2. What is your opinion of the Medici family?


 * In my opinion, the Medici family is fairly wise because they gained political power by influencing members of the ruling council by giving them loans. However, I think they are negative to the people and being unfair because the family gets to gain all the power and rule people because they are rich.**

3. How did Humanism influence Renaissance ideas?


 * Humanism is a learning focused on human potential and achievements. During Renaissance, instead of learning Christian teaching as medieval scholars had, humanists studied to understand ancient Greek values. The art and literature were developed and has influenced people to see the world in various perspective.**

4. Why did church leaders and wealthy merchants support the arts?


 * The church leaders and wealthy merchants supported the arts to beautify Rome. They spent huge amounts of money for hart and became patrons of the arts. They showed their importance and existence by having their own portraits or donating public art.**

5. What were the similarities and differences between upper-class Renaissance men and women?


 * The upper-class Renaissance men should be "charming, witty, and well educated in the classics." (pg.38-9) To become a Renaissance man, he should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. Also, he should be a good rider, wrestler, and skilled swordsman. Most importantly, he should have self-control. The Renaissance woman also should know the classics and be charming. However, they are not expected to know and be good at all of them, They still should motive and get influenced from art.**

6. After reading the "Analyzing Primary Sources" box, respond to this question: Do the qualities called for in the ideal Renaissance man and woman seem to emphasize the individual or the group? Give evidence in the documents to back up your answer!


 * The qualities called for in the ideal Renaissance man and woman seem to emphasize the individual. Baldassare Castiglone stated, "... be very bold, stern, and always among the first, where the enemy are to be seen." His view does not seemed to emphasize the group but the individual instead. "...gentle, modest, reserved," these descriptions do not fit in to the group part.**

9A-RachelLee-FamilyHistoryProject



 * The Historian's Many Hats**

1. In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?


 * John Hogsflesh was getting his punishment because of his belief. He had to go up to a small platform and declare he had been convicted for heretical belief. He announced this to each market place. If he argues, he will be burnt to death. Hogsflesh brought the faggots by him, which represents his conviction for heresy. The historian's "story" is to show people how much power the church had at that time.**

2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles?


 * The roles of a historian defined by John Arnold are read the records, report them what they found, and also interpret them. I agree with his assumptions because some people have to be there to interpret records. The historians are there to search and observe them. I think historians should give more thoughts and compare their view.**

3. What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?


 * That means do not make up things that records did not have and do not ignore the facts. This is important to remember when reading historical references because some people make up new things when they interpret things. Also, if the historians have different view with the fact, sometimes, they tend to ignore them. The historians should keep the fact and avoid making new records.**

4. How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?


 * In the world, lots of people have different perspective. The historians read and understand differently, which results to have more than one interpretation. For example, if a mother disciplines her child, there can be various reasons. A child did not do his/her homework, he is late to school, and maybe he failed his test. Like this, a single event could interpret with differing points of view.**

5. Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.


 * Once, I fought with one of my best friend. Our opinions did not match at all and this led to a big fight. Both of us tell other friends and blame the other. In my opinion, it is not possible for a historian to be completely objective because like us, they have their own view. We cannot say historians are like God, but a human.**

6. What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?


 * When historians practice subjective history, they will show their own feelings. Everything would be based on their own perspective. However subjective history may be beneficial to the study of history. Their different views make ideas more diverse. Also, their own thoughts may help other historians to come up with another ideas. We remember that event because a single event influenced us a lot. My friend and I regret that we fought about minor problem. This tell us about history that a small single event can influence the history in many ways.**

7. Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?


 * Every historian is "a storyteller" because when they find an event, they start to analyze and explain, like a storyteller. They convince people to read the history. If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions over every story, I think we cannot trust historians. This is because they will tell their opinions and we cannot make sure if their opinions are reliable.**

8.How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?


 * At first, I thought historians are the people who just study the history. I did not know about interpreting and practicing subjective history. They play multiple roles that I never thought of. My view of historians changed a lot after reading //The Historian's Many Hats.// I will approach history by reading and understanding different historians different views. The history has diverse of interpretation and I am ready to explore all of them.**


 * Why is the understanding of culture necessary in order to understand history?**

To understand history, the understanding of culture is necessary. The way people's lives affects the history is the main reason. Nowadays, in America, most of the black people are considered as poverty and poor. Why do the majority think that black people being wealthy is something unusual? If you look back at America's history, racism clearly exists. In fact, the concept still exists now, which allows people to think that black people are poor. The reason racists do not remain as much as the past is because of Martin Luther King Jr.. If one understands the culture, it is much easier to get to know about their history and what influence they had.