Lee,+BrianF2011

B Lee Brian Unit III Ancient History Unit III

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Christianity in Korea Chart

1. Why did the Korean Christian churches continue to grow despite harassment by the Japanese colonial government? The Korean Christian churches served as a refuge during the age of Japanese colonization. It resisted Japanese rule, and taught about freedom; consequently, it brought conflicts with the Japanese colonial government. However, this was not able to stop Christianity from spreading. The Christian community lead many independence movements. 15 people were Christians out of 33 people who signed the Korean Declaration of Independence, and the Christian community played a big role in many demonstrations and rallys, including the March First movement of 1919. 2. How did conditions under the Japanese create tension within the Christian community? During the Japanese colonization of Korea, the Christian community lead many independence movements, which went against the Japanese rule. Naturally, tension rose among the two groups.

Shintoism

> In Han Fei's ideal state, the supreme governing authority is the law. > The "Two Handles" are chastisement and commendation. Chastisement punishes people, and commendation encourages people to do things. The Legalists believed that chastisement and commendation were the two things that kept order. > Those two are both factors of Han Fei's ideal state. This basically means that everybody can be equal, and is subject to the same law. > Legalism probably appealed to many people because of several reasons. First, Legalism would have been the right way to get out of chaotic times. Also, people from the lower class would want the upper class to be treated equally with the same law. People who worked hard would have also favored Legalism because it punished the lazy ones and prized the hard working ones. > To the question "What is the purpose of good government?", a Daoist would say that the purpose of a good government is to lead the people according to the Wu Wei. A Daoist would say that no strong rule would be necessary, and the only purpose of the government is to make sure people not go against the Wu Wei. > A Confucian person would say that the purpose of a good government is to establish order among the society, and that smart people should be governors. > A Legalist would say that the government exists to establish a strict rule. People who violate the law would be punished severely, keeping the society in order, and people who do well in the society would be prized.
 * 1) In Han Fei's ideal state what is the supreme governing authority, the will of the ruler or the law?
 * 1) What are the "Two Handles" and how important are they to a legalist state? Why must the sovereign never surrender control over the two handles?
 * 1) What roles do individuality and private initiative play in Han Fei's ideal state?
 * 1) Why do you think Legalism appealed to some people?
 * 1) Imagine a series of conversations among a Daoist, a Confucian, and a Legalist. How would each respond on the following issues: What is the purpose of good government? What role does morality play in formulating law? What are the qualities of a superior ruler? The proposition "Might makes right."

By saying "The mystery of the Mysterious is the gateway to all indescribable marvels", it is saying that there is something undiscovered that is good. This sounds like the heaven of Christianity: it is mysterious, and marvelous. The part where the Tao Teh Ching tells people to live without desire also sounds like Christianity. "Not honoring men...Not wanting rare things...Not paying attention..." all has a same idea of not having desire for anything, which is a similarity of those three belief systems. Confucianism respected everyone, not only men. Buddhism rejected desire for rare things, and Taoism did not pay attention and lived with the Wu Wei. Those lines basically tell how Taoists should act. By relaxing the mind, a person should let go of desire and be free. By reinforcing the abdomen, a person can gain chi, since the abdomen is the part where the chi is gathered, and remain healthy. Gentling the will relaxes the people by alleviating their will for anything. And lastly, strengthing the bones means keeping the inside of a person healthy. Lao Tzu's idea of a government follows the Wu Wei: letting things happen naturally, and leaving it alone. However, Confucius thought a government should have smart and intelligent officials and should be highly organized. Lao Tzu's government reminds me of anarchy. I do not like Lao Tzu's idea because without a government, a country can't survive in this world. And without a central power, there would be many internal conflicts. It may be appealing and seem to work well at the beginning, but it wouldn't be able to last long. I think Lao Tzu is trying to tell that not being ambitious for power is good. By doing so, one could be lords over vessels. I do not agree. If nobody is ambitious for power, officials won't be motivated by their position, and do a poor job. Lao Tzu says that people who are ambitious are going to fail, unlike the people who do not dare to take the lead in the empire.
 * In //Lectures on the Tao Teh Ching//, Lao-Tzu says, that, "The mystery of the Mysterious is the gateway to all indescribable marvels". Does this quote have an equivalent to in Christianity? Are there other parts of the Tao Teh Ching that remind you of Christian ideals?
 * See Passage 2, "Not honoring men....Not wanting rare things...Not paying attention..." How are does this help one understand how Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism found common ground and were not mutually exclusive belief systems?
 * In Passage 2, what do you think is meant by the lines, "relaxing the mind, reinforcing the abdomen, gentling the will, strengthening the bones"?
 * Consider the last three entries from D.C. Lau's //Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching//, Lao Tzu describes government. How is this ideal different from Confucius' ideal? What present day system of government are you reminded of when you read this section? Do you think this is a good system? Explain.
 * Regarding the third treasure that Lao Tzu describes, what do you think is his message? Do you agree? What does this say about people who are ambitious?

Tao of Pooh //That Sort of Bear// Questions is on Annie's Wiki

> The author chooses a butterfly because the butterfly represents two basic things. One is freedom, and one is change through metamorphosis. A butterfly flies freely without any concern, and from a caterpillar -- which resembles nothing like a butterfly -- it turns into a butterfly. He wanted to convey these thoughts and values of Taoism in his poem. > The water cycle is important because it tells the significance of the cycle. The water starts at the mountain, goes to the ocean, to the clouds, and to the mountain again. The cycle it self is present everywhere, and the butterfly's cycle is also relevant. > The point of 'men raising melons' is that the author is comparing the higher class and lower class, and considering it the same. He is basically talking about how social status and wealth isn't an important thing. > The author is trying to convey the basic thought of Taoism. By introducing the butterfly, he wants to emphasize freedom, and change from something completely different; with the melon man, how social status and wealth means nothing. The author encourages a life of change, freedom, anti-wealth, and anti-status.
 * 1) Why does the author choose a butterfly?
 * 1) What is the importance of the water cycle?
 * 1) What is the point about the 'man raising melons'?
 * 1) What is the author attempting to convey to the reader?

Tao of Poo book questions

 The significance of The Vinegar Tasters is that it represented the Three Teachings of China. The Vinegar that the three masters tasted symbolized the Essence of Life. The three masters, Confucius, Buddga, and Lao-tse are the three masters that tasted the vinegar. Confucius had a sour look on his face; Buddha, a bitter one. Lao-tse, the founder of Taoism smiled. This showed that Lao-tse is better because he saw the harmony and peace while the other two teachers concentrated on earth’s deficiency.
 * 1) What is the significance of the painting Hoff describes named The Vinegar Tasters? (2)

 According to Hoff, the theme of life is happiness or satisfaction. Happiness is the solution of living in harmony and peace. Also, accepting the circumstances daily is part of this harmony.
 * 1) What is the theme of life according to Hoff’s interpretation of Taoism? (5-6)

 The uncarved block represents the clarity which has its own natural power. The uncarved block is interpreted through Pooh’s character. Pooh is never at a loss of confusion, instead he always thinks simply which benefits him for solving problems. The Rabbit give the impression of cleverness, however he finds it difficult to find his way home because of his trail of thoughts. On the other hand, Pooh simply headed for the direction that he felt or smelled like his home.
 * 1) How does Hoff explain the “uncarved block” metaphor? (10)

 The secret message was the simplicity and how simple mindedness can accomplish things.
 * 1) What is the secret message of the “uncarved block?” (2)

 According to Hoff, the main conflict between Confucianists and Taoists was their different point of view. Taoists saw Confucianists as people overindulging their life in studies.
 * 1) What was the main conflict between the Confucianists and Taoists according to Hoff? (24)

 The Rabbit, Eeyore, and the Owl represent a Confucianists because they study “Knowledge for the Sake of Knowledge. Pooh represents a Taoist because of his simple mindedness and lives with the Things As they Are.
 * 1) Which of Milne’s characters represent Confucianists and Taoists according to Hoff?

 Hoff believes that Confucianist scholars are people who study the Knowledge for the sake of Knowledge and don’t share their studies to other people.
 * 1) What is Hoff’s opinion of Confucianist scholars? (26)

 According to Hoff, there’s a distinction between knowledge vs. experience. Having the knowledge of something is not necessarily beneficial than experiencing something. However, receiving knowledge through experience is good.
 * 1) What does Hoff say about knowledge vs. experience? (29)

> Most scholars blame Uncarved Block, which is ignorance, for problems in the world. It isn’t justified because they don’t admit their fault. > Cleverness has its limitations. Inner nature is the way things are which cannot be changed, and is beyond the power of the intellect to measure or understand. > By discerning your own inner nature, you will be capable of knowing your capacity and limitations.You will know where you belong, and don’t belong. > If one has a disease and takes care of it, that person will be able to live a long life. However, whoever doesn’t have a disease and doesn’t care for themselves will live a short life. This basically means that weakness can do a favor if you acknowledge it. > Hoff meas that we have to work with things as it is rather than coming up with meaningless answers. If we fail to do so, we get into trouble. > If people do not listen to their Inner Nature would not understand themselvse. They do not have respect for themselves, and is easily influenced by others. > The Way of Self-Reliance starts by recognizing who we are, what work we have to do, and what works best for us. > We can chase ourselves through the principles of Taoism by changing things we do not like into beneficial things or using them in beneficial ways. By doing it, we can avoid conflicts and struggles. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Hoff, Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way” is defined as not going against the nature of things. This means that humans should stick with the nature of things rather than trying to adjust it themselves for more benefits.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What do most scholars blame for problems in the world? Why isn’t it justified? (32)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the difference between “cleverness” and “Inner Nature?” (38)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Why is it important to discern your own Inner Nature? (41)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Explain Hoff’s interpretation of the Chinese quote: “One disease, long life; No disease, short life.” (48)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What does Hoff mean when he states that we must learn to “work with Things As They Are?” (50)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What happens to people who do not listen to their Inner Nature? (57)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the Way of Self-Reliance? (57-8)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How can we change ourselves effectively through the principles of Taoism? (58)
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way” according to Hoff? (67-8)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The quote explains Wu Wei because it means that he doesn’t change what’s already given, which is following the Wu Wei. He simply accepts the natural way of things and doesn’t go against it.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How does the quote, “Tao does not do, but nothing is not done,” explain Wu Wei or “The Pooh Way?” (70)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tai Chi reflect Wu Wei or Taoism as a martial art because the purpose of Tai Chi is to overcome the opposing force through movement. Therefore, it is a martial art that doesn’t use energy which is similar to Wu Wei.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How does Tai Chi reflect Wu Wei or Taoism as a martial art? (87-8)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">We are a Bisy Backson because we are active and business most of the time. However, we didn’t chose to be active and be engrossed in homework, studying for tests, rather we would blame the society for it.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Are you a Bisy Backson? (94)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bisy Backson views the American history a history full of fights and violence.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the Bisy Backson view of American history according to Hoff? (103-104)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bisy Backson does not use time wisely because they use it to find a way to save that time, which is impossible.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How does the Bisy Backson waste time by trying to save it? (108-109)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Youthful Immortal is one who discovers the Secrets of Life as a youth and was able to maintain their youthful appearance and energy.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the Youthful Immortal? (108-9)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The process we go through to reach the goals bring more happiness to us because of motivation. When humans are motivated, it makes them think positively and happily. However, once the goal is met, the motivation and moment of glory and happiness are all gone because the goal is finally presented. The process is more enjoyable than the destination.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What makes us happy in life the goals or the process we go through to reach the goals? Why? (111)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Stonecutter was later discovered to be the most powerful of all, toward the end of the cycle. The chang of the rock form brought realization to him. Therefore, this story represented that everyone is valuable, but it takes process of realization.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the significance of The Stonecutter? (118-9)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The significance is that people who were once apprehensive could courageously help others who have cared for them because they have care for them back. Caring is based on “heart” which stands for cor, the Latin root word in courage.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Explain the significance of the following line from the Tao Te Ching: “From caring comes courage.” (128)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One can find Wisdom, Happiness, and Courage through continuous cycles, but not particular location.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Where does one find Wisdom, Happiness and Courage? (137)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Great Nothing is the indication that nothing is has value and is something because “nothing” was the first step to Daoism. Doing that brought peace.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What is the “Great Nothing?” (143)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Empty sort of mind” is so valuable because it allows people to hear and see things. An “empty sort of mind” realizes the presence and the “emptiness” purifies the mind as well.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Why is an “Empty sort of mind” so valuable according to Taoism? (146-7)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To gain knowledge, one learns and “add” the knowledge in their brain. Therefore, knowledge would increase the amount of how much one learns. On the other hand, “wise” thought removes things everyday which leads to “emptiness” allowing people to think in a more clear or wise view.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Interpret the following quote: “To attain knowledge, add things every day. To attain wisdom, remove things every day.” (148-9)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The child is the highest stage of development because they have a pure and clean mind which is wisdom. However, as one gets older, they gain more knowledge which disrupts the power of wisdom.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Why is the child the highest stage of development? (151)


 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Why may knowledge and cleverness destroy life as we know it? (154)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Knowledge and cleverness are just the guidelines, however if one depends on them too much, they will lose their own thoughts and lose originality which will destroy life.

Confucianism Theme discussion (Group 1)

Notes on Confucianism

Filial Piety (Group 4)

Four on a Log

Comparing Buddhist sects

Exploring Religion media type="file" key="BrianL._F_exploring religion.mp3" width="240" height="20"